MµCMS Users Guide
Welcome to:
The MµCMS v3.2 User Guide
(Matt's Micro Content Management System)
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by Matthew Craig |
MµCMS version 3.2 Document Rev 1.101 |
Introductions
If you have already installed MµCMS and are looking for instruction you can skip this section, otherwise, if you are looking at this book, odds are you have decided you need a website or presence on the Internet, and are looking at MµCMS as a solution. Lets get started with some basics and work our way around to find what you need, and if MµCMS is for you. Much of this section is taken from http://webstyleguide.com. this is a great resource for building web sites.
Assessing your needs
Here are some questions you should consider before getting, building, or paying for a website:
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What are the goals of your organization?
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How will getting a website help these goals?
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What is the list of things you expect to get from having a website?
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Who is your primary audience?
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What do you want the audience to think after leaving your website?
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What strategies will you employ to achieve those thoughts?
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How will you measure the success of your site?
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How often will you maintain your site, or update with new content?
How you answer these questions will be very important for you, your website and your business.
Before you sign that check...
Once you have decided you want a website, and decided what you want, there are some very important things to consider before you drop your bucket of money on the table.
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What is your budget for this project? (Do your goals and expectations justify this cost?)
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What special technical or functional requirements will be needed?
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What is the production schedule for this site? What milestones do you want set, and what and when are they?
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Who are the people or vendors involved in the project and what are their roles?
While you may not know the answers to these off the top of your head they are good to know before you jump into a project. Keep reading; we will discuss the factors that affect this in the following sections. Knowing these will help you have realistic expectations, and decide if this is something you or your business can take on at this time.
If you don't know the answers to any of these questions ask around. Talk with professionals, friends, and associates. Find out.
Scope creep... The Great Project Killer
Scope Creep is the single largest killer of web projects. What is scope creep? It is the slow addition of “features or options” that would be nice. There is no one feature added that will kill a site, however, the slow addition of many features causes projects to go over budget, go past schedule dates, and never materialize as what they were created for.
The best way to keep this from happening is to have a firm grasp on your scope (what you set out to achieve and decided on), your budget and your schedule. Make a plan and stick to it.
Production
Your budget will make a lot of decisions about your production, and if you want particular production options you might have to re-vamp your budget considerations
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Will your site production team contractors, in house, or a combination of the two?
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Who will manage the process?
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Who are your primary content experts?
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Who will be the liaison to any outside contractors?
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Who will function long-term as the Web master or senior site editor?
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What technologies will be supported? (What will your target audience have access to?)
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How much bandwidth will your average visitor use?
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Will you be using advanced features (Javascript/Java/CGI/etc)?
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How will visitors contact staff? Who will they contact?
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Who will provide your content?
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Who will support/maintain your web server? (The computer visitors actually connect to)
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Who owns your domain names?
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How will you track stats?
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Who will monitor server logs?
Making your budget:
Here are the primary considerations:
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Salaries (short term/longterm/ maintenance / content editors)
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Hardware and development
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Training – Making sure new people can use the technologies you have.
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Outsourcing fees (if you decide to outsource)
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Site marketing
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Ongoing personnel support for site
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Site editor or Web master
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Ongoing server and technical support
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Database maintenance and support
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New content development and updating
So where does MµCMS fit into the picture
We have discussed, or at least brought up the questions you should have gone through before you decided to make a website. Now we will talk about MµCMS, what it is and how it can help you.
What is MµCMS?
MµCMS is a small, efficient and secure Content management system used for non-transactional websites. Need a real word definition...? It is a website that is made to give information from a person or organization to the world. It allows the person or organization to manage content themselves.
MµCMS was created for small businesses. From its inception three years ago, it was created for small businesses to be able to have the same access and presence on the web that many multi-million dollar organizations have. Realizing that the small business owner has very little “extra-cash” laying around, an inexpensive alternative was created. While it does not have ALL the features of a multi-million dollar project, it does allow for a high class professional image to be presented on the web. It allows for a business to control it's content and not be locked into long term obligations with web developers if they don't want it.
MµCMS requires professional setup to function properly, many packages out there allow end users to install and configure them. This leads to insecure, and misconfigured servers and websites easily vulnerable to hackers and to people with knowledge and malicious intent. However, once the site is setup and configured it should run for many years with little to no input from those developers. This allows the site owner to concentrate on the site, and their business.
What MµCMS can and cannot do for you..
MµCMS can:
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Create a professional web front for you or your business (User Picked themes up to 3)
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Give information to visitor in a convenient reliable method (Theming / Presentation Methods)
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Free you from developers just to add/remove information (User Run)
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Allow you to track your visitors and site stats (Site tracking / Page Tracking)
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Allow low budget creation of high quality sites (Software GNU)
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Allow for rapid web development (as little as 24 hr setup time)
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Allow you keep up to date content and relevant information (Next to real time edit)
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Allow you to edit the content yourself (WYSIWYG Editor)
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Allow your users to find information quickly and easily (built in search function)
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Allow you to discover why people come to your site (Referral Check/Search Voyeur)
What MµCMS Can't do for you:
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Turn your business into an overnight success (That part is up to you)
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Take payments over the web (Security and Liability)
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Allow for customized user logins (Simple information display)
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Allow for user account creations (There are no user accounts)
MµCMS is not a sales platform. It is made specifically to give information to the world. While sites are completely capable of integrating 3rd party sales platforms into the site (Such as PayPal tm) , it does not inherently contain them. Sites using MµCMS have successfully used Paypal tm to manage shopping carts and perform sales. However that is not the primary function of MµCMS.
Finding your market
Even if you don't use MµCMS as your web content management system, it is always a good idea to know who you are marketing to, and to put your information where those people are likely to look, and with a look and feel that would attract them. Consider the following:
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Who are your primary customer base?
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Why do they pick you over the competition? (Price, Location, Relationship, etc)
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What does that customer base find attractive? (ask them)
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How do most of your customers find you? (Yellow Pages, word of mouth, etc)
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Can you offer related services that would appeal to that base to bring in more overall sales or traffic?
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Could you do anything to bring in additional customer base (without driving away the current base)?
When you make decisions about making/building/developing websites please keep all these things in the back of your mind. It would not hurt to actually make a written list of them. (not just this section but all the previous)
Alternatives
There are many alternatives out there to MµCMS. I encourage you to look around. Look at all the factors listed above and I think you will find MµCMS is very appropriate for many businesses and individuals. I encourage you to talk to developers and other businesses. Look around before you make a solid commitment. Make sure you understand what you are getting and why you are getting it. Don't buy a website as an impulse buy; you may regret it later.
What you need:
In this section you will find the requirements for MµCMS to run properly.
Computer
You will require a computer with a modern browser either Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox, with an Internet connection. (The newest versions are strongly recommended for all features to work properly.) If you want spell check functionality, additional programs may be required for it to function properly.
Server (Requirements)
MµCMS will require a server. A server is a dedicated computer that is connected to the Internet which is configured to server HTTP content to visitors (clients) over the Internet. Maintaining and configuring a server is a lot of work. (Ask anyone who has ever had to do so.)
While MµCMS can be hosted on a personal computer in a closet with a dial up modem, it is STRONGLY recommended that you chose a professional hosting service.
Regardless of whether you chose to maintain your own server, or go with a professionally hosted service, here are the minimum requirements of MµCMS:
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Apache 1.4+
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PHP 4.0+ (or PHP 5.0+)
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Minimum of 5 MB of free hard disk space
While MµCMS has been tested on a 333MHz Computer with 64 Meg of ram running Windows ME, it is strongly recommended that it be run on a computer designed for web serving with a secure file system, that is regularly maintained. New security vulnerabilities are regularly found.
Getting Started
If you have the requirements for MµCMS, and you are thinking about using it for the first time I recommend reading the following as a good starting point. Then we can have a common vocabulary and understand what we are talking about. Reading these concepts may seem unnecessary, but if you are going to have a website, and use a Content management system of any kind, it is a good idea to understand at least these basics.
Basic Web concepts
Your average user will have little or no understanding about these basic concepts, however, is very essential in having / running or maintaining a website. A person sitting at their computer at home or work is know as a Client. Clients connect to Servers, who server the requested information back to the client.
URLs and Domain names:
Here is how it works. You want to see what is going on in the world so you type in the address of your favorite web news station in your web browser. You click enter... and it magically appears. What you did not see was an entire series of events that were very important.

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Your computer asks your Internet Service Provider (ISP) where to find your new station, the request is sent to your ISP's DNS Server (Dynamic Naming System).
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Your ISP's DNS Server contact an official Naming Service Computer to ask where to find the news server
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Your pc gets a response from your ISP's DNS Server.
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Your pc contacts your news stations web server
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The news stations web server serves up the news to you.
You might ask “Why do I need to know this?”. This information is important if you are going to have a website. You need a Domain Name. An address (AKA URL: Uniform Resource Locater), that users can remember and type into a browser. Otherwise they have to type in a number like 69.47.124.222, and most people will not remember that.
How to get a Domain name:
Quite simply, register your domain name with an official name server. This is not a free service, they charge money for the privileged of having a “name” on the Internet. Fortunately, it is usually a very small fee. Here are a list of domain registers:
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
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Network Solutions: (http://www.networksolutions.com/)
I do not recommend purchasing domain names through other vendors, or as part of a hosting plan. For various reasons. You are free to do so but be warned there can be unique complications by doing so. If you have and questions please ask, but domain names are a sticky topic. I recommend lots of homework before you decided on one.
Images and media and legal hot water...
Images and media are a great way to get a site to look professional and attract a lot of visitors. They are also one of the quickest ways to get hit with a legal notice, or end up in legal hot water. Be very aware of copyright laws in your region. Quick summary about images and media and how they should be used: (this is not a comprehensive guide or legal advice... just some basic information about the web in general)
As a general rule, all images and media on a website should be paid for and have a contract indicating that it is royalty free. Just because you found a picture on someone else's website, does not mean that you can put it into your website without permission or a fee.
Other limitations of proprietary media:
Some types of media require special PlugIns or separate software to function properly. By doing do you can be limiting your potential viewers. Not everyone on the Internet has Browser X with Plugin Q on Operating system Z. The more “special” software or PlugIns you require the more people you are limiting from effectively using your site. For example Flash/Shockwave/Quicktime/RealPlayer/etc.. Require that you have that program installed and configured properly for every client or the client will only see a broken or limited site. Potentially keeping them from using or seeing your site the way it was intended.
This does not mean that you cannot use proprietary media but it does mean you need to make sure your client base has or wants that software and is willing to use it with your site.
Getting to know MµCMS
This is where we get into the Nuts and Bolts of using MµCMS. This section assumes you have MµCMS setup and properly installed on a server somewhere, either on a local server or live on the Internet.
Getting to your site:
In order to get to your site you need to know the URL of your site. This can be a Domain name or an IP address. You should open your browser of choice, and enter in your URL into the address bar and press enter. For this example I will use the address: http://www.yoursite.com/.
When you enter that and go to the site, you will see the PUBLICLY viewable web site. This is what everyone in the world can see. In order to login to the site to administer it you need to have the URL of your administration site, you need to get this from your developer. By default it would be http://www.yoursite.com/admin
When you enter that into your browser should ask you for a user name and password provided to you by your developer. This is to allow you to access the administrative controls of your site. Then it will ask you to login to the CMS it self. This will only ask for a password. This should also have been provided by your developer(s).
Overall Layout:
Here are all the components of the page these are on every page throughout the CMS:

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Search: is the administrative search function. It allows you to search for content within pages and remain on the administrative site.
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Global Menu: These are the overall menu options you can take from anywhere within the site.
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Bread Crumb: A text label enables you to backtrack where you are and how you go there.
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Context Menu: A menu that is context sensitive, menu items will change from page to page.
Login

Your login screen should look something like this:
The only thing you need to do here is to enter you password. Once you successfully login you should see your file manager.
If you enter an incorrect password a number of times, the site will be locked from access, and the administrator will receive an email. (if configured to do so)
File Manager (etc)
The file manager is where you will manage all of the individual pages of your site.
You can create new pages, sort your display, and search for content from here. And for each individual page you can Preview the publicly viewable page, edit the page content, modify the page properties, view the individual page stats, copy rename the individual files, or delete the individual file.
This is what the file manager looks like:


For each and every page you will have the following:
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File name: the name of the file in question
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File Information: how many hits, and file size
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File Actions:
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Preview page: open a separate browser window to look at the public site
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Edit content: Edit the content of the page
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Edit properties: Edit the properties of the page, keywords, descriptions, custom menus, etc
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View stats: Look at the individual stats for a page
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Copy or rename: Allows you to make a copy of a page or rename the page to something else
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Delete file: moves a file from the public site to the recycle bin to be deleted.
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Your File Manager Options are things that affect pages globally or the overall display of the pages.
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New File: Create new pages.
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Sort Pages: This does not sort the public site, this simply arranges them in the File Manager
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Global Stats: Same as Stats button in Global Menu.
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Recycle Bin: Same as Recycle Bin Button in global Menu.
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Search: Search all pages for specific content.
Control Panel:

There are 2 sections in the Control Panel:
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CMS Administration these are your options:
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CMS Health Status: Check on files and components to ensure site functionality
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Change Password: Change the administrative password to the site
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Delete All Log files: Does as expected.
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View Login Logs: View all Login Attempts with IP, Date, Time, etc.
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View Public Searches: This allows you to see what people are searching for in your site. This is a wonderful tool to help you, find out why they are coming to you, and create content to catch that.
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CMS Developer Tools: These tools should not be needed by the average user and should only be used by Developers. (not shown in screen shot)
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Clear Cache: This is handy when changing content outside of the CMS to allow for global reset of all cache files
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List Config Variables: this is useful to track down if a variable is setup properly.
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Edit Menus: This allows editing of the Global Site menu. Do this with caution, if used improperly can easily crash an entire site.
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Stats


(This page has no stats as it is a fresh install)
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Global Hit Stats
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This gives you how many times each page has been viewed, and it's percentage of your overall traffic.
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IP Addresses with Count and Date
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This gives you every IP address that has visited your site, how many times they have viewed your site, and when the last visit date occurred.
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It also gives you a summary of how many unique IP's have visited at the bottom of the table
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Delete Logs: Clears the Stat logs, setting this page to all zeros.
Tracker
To get to the tracker Go to the Stats Tab -> and in the Context menu click on Tracker
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Overall Stats:
- Hit count: fist columb is since site creation, second is in the last 7 days
- Average successfull requests per day: (since site creation / last 7 days)
- Unique hosts served (since site creation / last 7 days)
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Stats per day:
- This is how you view what day of the week gives you the most traffic.
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Stats per hour:
- This is how you view what your stats are at various times of the day. listed from 0-23 in military time.
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Referals:
- This is where you can tell how many hits are coming from what servers.
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Browsers:
- The stats relating to visitor brower usage
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Platforms
- This list of platforms used to visit the site
Hack Tracker
To get to the Hack Tracker go to the Stats Tab then click on the "Hack Tracker" LInk in the context menu. From this page you can track various hack attempts on your site.

Each hack tracker entry is headed up by the IP Address that commited the infraction. In this case the IP Address listed above was trying to inject a text file containing commands, attempting to get the server to execute unwanted commands. This section gives information about the browser, OS, and type of attack used. If you do not know what these entries mean, please contact a professional web developer to find more information.
IP Voyer

The IP Voyer tells you what browsers and what operating systems were used by the specified IP Address.

After the OS list is the Entry list, this is the list of sites used to get to your pages (Including internal pages)
.jpg)
Above is an example of the "path" taken by a visitor through the site. It shows where they came from, how long they stayed on each page, and what page they went to next. (Time is listed in seconds)
Recycle Bin

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Empty Trash: PERMANENTLY DELETES ALL FILES IN THE RECYCLE BIN!!!

- File Name: The name of the file in the recycle bin
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Information
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The Date it was moved to the Recycle bin
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The version number in the bin
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Restore File: Takes the file from the recycle bin and places back on the public site. Replacing the current file of that name. (Yes it backs up the existing file into the recycle bin with a new date and version number)
Logout
Simply click the logout button on any of the available pages and you will end your session with MµCMS. It is important to do so. Do not just close your browser, it is strongly advised that when you are done you actually log out of the site.
Creating your site
Here is where you will find information about starting to use your site to create files and edit/add content.
Notes on Naming
To navigate to this pages: Go to File Manager then click on New Page in the Context menu.

Once you are at this page simply time the name of the file you would like to create. Here are the rules for file name creation:
Just like when you save a file on your computer you want your file names to reflect the contents of the file, as well as they type of information contained, you want your online file names to reflect the content of the page. There are some special qualifications or rules about naming pages for MµCMS.
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Must be between 1 and 24 characters long this is approximately (258,867,142,816,712,385,002,471,424,000,000 available file names)
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Only letters and number may be used (a-z, 0-9)
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Only lower case numbers may be used. (Reasoning behind this is some servers are case sensitive, and some are not... all filenames are converted to lower case to save headaches)
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Extensions are added and managed by the CMS.
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Examples of Valid names:
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help
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faq
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john316
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lovemetender
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Examples of Invalid Names:
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I Love Mice.php (Upper Case, and extensions)
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CouldYouTango.txt (Upper Case and extensions)
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readme.txt (Extensions)
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_you(like_me_right) (Special Characters)
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Notes about locations
There are two different ways to refer to a file, Relative and Absolute. The best example I can think of is how we refer to family. You refer to family member by their relation to you. for example you call your Dad's brother “Uncle”, not “John Eloiuse Taylor born on 14 May 1953 to Mable Taylor at 7:15 AM in Paris France”. You can refer to files by their relative position to your current location or according to their absolute position on the server.

If you are in Folder 2, if you want to open the file “Readme.txt” the two ways you could do this are:
Absolute method:
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/Main Folder/Folder1/Readme.txt
Relative method:
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../Folder1/Readme.txt
the “..” in the relative method tell the computer to go up one directory (from your current), then read the directory normally.
While this will have minimal bearing on how you use the CMS on a daily basis, will help you understand the basics of how to navigate files and folders and the difference between the two systems.
Page Properties:
To get to this page, Goto File Manager And select Page Properties for the selected page.


Options available here:
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Title: This is the title of the page
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Description: This is the meta description used by search engines
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Keywords: The meta keywords used by search engines
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Theme: Chose the desired theme
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Custom 1 – 4: Will vary depending on the theme and the developer setup. Contact your developer(s) for this information.
Creating your content
To get to this screen Goto: File Manager and click on Edit Content for the file you would like to edit.

This is the content editor. You type in here just like you would in your standard Word Processor application. Using font, and specifications that you would like. The CMS will take what you type here and drop it into your theme. When you are done typing your content (or copy/ pasting) make sure you click “Save” or your changes will not be saved.
You should recognize most of the buttons there: copy paste, find, replace, bold, italics, underline, strike through, subscript, superscript, numbered list, unnumbered list, indent, alight right, alight center, align right, and align justify.
Ones that you may not be familiar with are the following:
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Insert link: This is where you can link to an internal document, download, or another web page
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Anchor: You can create “Anchor” points within your page, for quick linking.
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Insert Image: This allows you to upload images from your local computer to your server to be used in public pages.
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Insert Flash: if you have flash content it can be uploaded here.
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Table: The ability to create tables.
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Horizontal Rule: insert horizontal rules where the cursor is.
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Smilies Insert: put a smiley face in the page
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Special Characters: Allows you to insert non standard characters into the document.
Linking it all together
Now that you have the basics, understand that the CMS separates the various types of page content from the theme, so that it can be displayed in any theme. In the future if you decide you can change your theme or even remove your content into another content management system.
Administering your website:
This section is dedicated to managing your website.
Checking Health status
To get to this screen goto: Control Panel and click on CMS Health Status

This is just a basic graphic representation of the Status of the CMS files. If everything is fine a Sun icon will be displayed on all portions. Clicking on any of the Sun icons will delete the existing file portion and create a new blank portion.

The portion with the rain cloud indicates that the file is missing or broken. Simply click on the cloud to rebuild the file. Note all information previously stored in the file will be lost. So in this example, all of the Page Stats for this page will be lost.
Monitoring Logs (Login/Searches)
It is a good idea to routinely check your log files. This will give you indications of potential problems, or information about your users that you can find helpful in keeping relevant content.
Logins:
To get to this page goto: Control Panel and click on View Login Logs

From this page you can see the date type and type of entry someone tried to log in. Basically you can see what computer logged into your website and when, as well as how many times they tried to login.
Searches:
To get to this page goto: Control Panel and click on View Public Searches

This allows you to see who is searching for what, and where they came from. Notice the “Searched for” section. This is what they typed into your search window. This is very useful. You can see why people come to your site, and what they are looking for, and modify your content to reflect that information. For example, when I first created my site I found people kept searching for the word “install”, and I did not have a page for installing. So I created an install page so people could find the information they were looking for.
Advanced features (Cache Clearing/Site Variables/Global Menus)
To get to this page go to: Control Panel (bottom half of the page)

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Clear Cache: Clears the temporary file cache stored on the server. This is very useful if you plan to edit files outside of the CMS and view it on the global site.
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List config variables: Simply shows the config.php variables to ensure they are setup properly.
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Edit Menus: Allows the manual html editing of the public site global menu.
Changing Passwords
To get to this page goto: Control Panel and click on Change Password.

This is where you can change the administrator password. Simply enter the current password, and then type the new password twice. It is recommended that you change your password regularly, the longer the better, and the more often the better. If there is a problem entering the passwords, it will ask again, and follow the site security settings for site lockout and administrator email.
Cleaning up (Clearing logs/Recycle bin/ Flushing Stats)
It is recommended that fairly often the logs and overall settings be cleared. The recycle bin should be cleared when the number of files gets to be over 50. While it has been documented to hold over 200 it is quite likely that it can bog down system performance, and in some operating systems (older versions of Windows specifically) it can actually overload the folder with files.
Errors and what to do:
If you are getting errors, or seeing problems... try looking here:
500 Internal Server Error
If you are getting a server mis configured or error 500, this is usually a mis configured security file on the server. While these should not ever be changed after the initial setup it is possible that there is a problem contact your development team. If you do not have a development team, or you configured the server your self, check the htaccess files if they are configured incorrectly .They can cause the Mis configured server error. (not the only cause, but usually)
Page Not available
Depending on how you get this error, login to the administrative section of your site, and see if the page is listed, if so click on the preview page link. If it is not there check the CMS status and verify the file is present. If it is listed in good condition in the CMS status page, Click on the primary page (sun) rebuild icon, and manually rebuild. If that does not work, consult your developers, or check the forums.
Site Backups:
Basic understanding and information about site backups.
FTP
In order to back up your site you will need to login and download the site via FTP. Consult your training documentation, or technical staff on how to do this. You should have received your server name, user name and password from your development team. If not contact your hosting service.
Storage (Short and Long term)
It is recommended that you keep long and short term storage, on long term storage media. You should keep one backup on site, and one backup off site in case of catastrophic events. Such as fire, flood, or theft. MµCMS is small enough to fit nicely on USB drives, and CD Rom backups. Consult an IT Professional for backup advice and settings.
Records
It is recommended that you keep excellent records, user names and passwords, servers and settings. Keep things things in a safe dry place.
ACK I've Been Hacked!!!!
MµCMS is built to be secure, that doesn't mean it is “hack proof”. There are people who spend their life looking for the holes in systems. While MµCMS has been made as secure as possible, please consider that there is always the possibility. If you find your self in the position of having a hacked site be calm. You can almost always recover, and almost certainly be back up and running in a short matter of time.
A matter of trust
More often than not, when a site gets hacked it is someone who had access to the user names and passwords. Or the machine used to login has been compromised with a key logger as is all to common today. Please be aware that while many hackers may randomly surf the web looking for targets, internals are just as common. Don't become paranoid, just try to be secure. Don't give anyone your user name and passwords, and make sure the machine you are logging in from is secure.
Have a plan
The best line of defense is to have a plan. Consider how much information is on your site, and how people could use it. Never put anything on a web site that you would not want the entire world to know. Make sure you make frequent backups, change your passwords regularly, scan your logs, and be cautious.
Contacting Authorities
If you have been hacked, there are important decisions to be made. Whether or not to contact the authorities can be a big decision. If you find yourself in that position you may want to contact an attorney, your local authorities, and/or your hosting service. They would be the best to advise you about a course of action. Obtaining backup records can help determine how it was performed, however, if “you” obtain them it is possible you will taint any evidence that could be used by the authorities. So contact the authorities and hosting service and work with them about the proper course of action. Make sure you have their contact information in your records.
Put it back together again
If you have kept good backups, you will not have lost much information. Restoring your site should be a simple procedure once you have contacted the authorities, your hosting service, and you have finished all the recommended actions. Rebuilding your site should take about 24 hours.
©Copyright 2007 Matthew Craig. All rights reserved.